Apply

Use the framework to explain, design, or assess your arrangements.

01

Describe an arrangement

Use a sentence pattern to describe a responsibility, authority, duty, or other relationship. Choose a concept and specify the people, actions, and matters involved.

Describe an arrangement

Questions and guidance to get you started
  • Which concept expresses the relationship?
  • Who or what occupies each place in the sentence pattern?
  • Which conditions apply, and what is the source of the arrangement?

For guidance on concepts and sentence patterns, see Concepts.

02

Map an arrangement

Use a diagram, table, or set of statements to describe a role, what is assigned to it, its relationships with other roles, and the instruments that establish these arrangements.

Map an arrangement

Questions and guidance to get you started
  • Who holds the role, and in what capacity do they act?
  • What responsibilities, duties, powers, and authority are assigned?
  • To whom must they give an account, and for what?
  • Which instruments establish these arrangements, and how do they operate in practice?

For guidance on roles and relationships, see Concepts.

03

Evaluate effectiveness

Use the seven-stage model to examine how an arrangement is applied, then consider the results against its purpose.

Evaluate effectiveness

Questions and guidance to get you started
  • Which arrangement and application are being examined?
  • For each stage, are the relevant conditions met? If not, what is missing or has gone wrong?
  • What was accomplished, and how does it relate to the purpose?

For guidance on the seven stages, see Evaluating the effectiveness of arrangements.

04

Make good decisions

Map the arrangements that support each quality of a good decision. Use the supporting table to specify requirements, describe typical submissions, and guide those preparing them.

Make good decisions

Questions and guidance to get you started
  • Which decision-maker or forum will consider these submissions?
  • What must a submission contain to support each quality of a good decision?
  • What are the properties of typical submissions?
  • What guidance will help someone complete a submission?

For guidance on requirements for submissions, see Making good decisions.

05

Write policies

Write or revise policy content. You can also describe who develops, approves, implements, and reviews the policy.

Write policies

Questions and guidance to get you started
  • Which arrangements must the policy establish, record, or explain?
  • What does each provision do: commit, require, permit, assign, or explain?
  • Can each reader identify what applies to them and what they must do?
  • Do the requirements, authority, related instruments, and practical circumstances work together?

For guidance on what each provision does, see Writing policies.

06

Prepare a governance arrangement review

This tool provides a standard presentation for governance arrangement reviews, including a structured rationale for proposing changes. It can be adapted for introducing new governance arrangements. Users can use it as a paper for noting or approval to the decision-maker.

Prepare a governance arrangement review

Plain Governance, developed by Dr Julien Maréchal. © 2026 The Governance Practice.

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