Concepts and connections

Concepts and their connections.

View

Drag a concept to move it. With a keyboard, press Tab until a concept is highlighted, then use the arrow keys to move it.

Use your own information

Change the people, task, or authority below, then switch on 'See an example'. You can leave fields blank. The map will show blanks as incomplete concepts and connections. To add your own roles, policies, and relationships, open Map an arrangement.

The ideas behind the map

This activity explores four connected models from Plain Governance. The sentence patterns in the Concepts page make the elements of each model explicit. Read the framework’s concepts as models and connections.

The meeting example specifies responsibilities, authority, and accountability. When assessing an arrangement, always identify the relevant sources and circumstances.

In the meeting, Alex retains responsibility for the wider task when delegating to Sam. Being answerable does not necessarily mean doing all steps of a task yourself. The scope of Sam’s responsibility and their own accountability must also be identified.

Connection notes

Adapted from Plain Governance, developed by Dr Julien Maréchal. © 2026 The Governance Practice. Framework materials are licensed under CC BY 4.0. Scope and attribution. Logos and website software are excluded from that licence.

Sources

Sources

These works inform the concepts and relationships explored here. The interactive map and meeting example are developed by Plain Governance.

Framework background: Austin, How to do things with words, 1975; Austin, Philosophical papers, 1979; Maréchal, Comment faire les choses : du pluralisme des descriptions de l’action, 2010; Fillmore, Frame semantics, 1982; Baker, Fillmore, and Lowe, The Berkeley FrameNet project, 1998.